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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.268



Edwards, Elizabeth.  "Educational Institutions or Extended Families?
The Reconstruction of Gender in Women's Colleges in the Late
Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries," in _Gender and Education_,
1990 2(1), pp 17-35.
    Women's colleges in Victorian Britain.

Fennema, Elizabeth, and M. Jane Ayer.  _Women and Education_.  1984.

Graham, P.A.  "Women in Higher Education: A Bibliographical Inquiry,"
at New York: Columbia University, Barnard College.  1974.  ERIC
Reproduction Document Service No: ED095742

Hall, Roberta M., with Bernice R. Sandler. "The Classroom Climate: A
Chilly One for Women?", Copyright 1986 by the Project on the Status
and Education of Women, Association of American Colleges, Washington,
DC, 1986.

Hanzot, Elizabeth.  _Myths of Coeducation_.  1984.

Harrington, Susan Marie. "Barriers to Women in Undergraduate
Computer Science: The Effects of the Computer Environment on the
Success and Continuance of Female Students", PhD Thesis, Division of
Teacher Education, University of Oregon, 1990.

Howe, Florence.  _Gender in the Classroom_.

Huff, C. and J. Cooper. "Sex Bias in Educational Software:  The Effect of
Designers' Stereotypes on the Software They Design", _J. Applied Soc.
Psych._, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 519-532, 1987.

Jimenez, E. and M.E. Lockhead.  "The Relative Effectiveness of
Single-sex and Coeducational Schools in Thailand," in _Education
Evaluation and Policy Analysis_, Summer 1989, 11(2) 117.
    Compares math achievement.

Jimenez, Emmanuel and Marlaine E. Lockhead.  "Enhancing Girls'
Learning Through Single-sex Education: Evidence and a Policy
Conundrum," in _Education Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Summer '89,
11(2), p117.
    Figures socio-economic factors into data.

Kersteen, Z., M. Linn, M. Clancy, and C. Hardyck. "Previous
experience and the learning of computer programming:  The computer
helps those who help themselves", _Journal of Educational Computing
Research_, 4(3), 321-333, 1988.

Kierstead, Diane, Patti D'Agostino, and Heidi Dill. "Sex Role
Stereotyping of College Professors: Bias in Students' Ratings of
Instructors", _Journal of Educational Psychology_, 80 (1988), 342-344.

Klein, S.S, ed. _Handbook for Achieving Sex Equity Through
Education_, The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1985.

Lee, V.E., and A.S. Bryk.  "Effects of Single-sex Secondary Schools on
Student Achievement and Attitude," in _Journal of Educational
Psychology_, 78(5), 1986.
    One of the more well-known studies.

Lee, Valerie E. and Helem M. Marks.  "Sustained Effects of Single-sex
Secondary School Experience on Attitudes, Behaviors and Values in
College," in _Journal of Educational Psychology_, 82(3), Sept 1, 1990,
p578.
    Re-examines subjects of '86 study in college.

Lee, Valerie E. and Marlaine E. Lockhead.  "The Effects of Single-sex
Schooling on Achievement and Attitiudes in Nigeria," in _Comparative
Education Review_, 34(2), May 1, 1990, p209.
    Same conclusions as Bryk & Lee '86 for USA.

Leveson, Nancy, "Educational Pipeline Issues for Women",
_Computing Research News_, October 1990 and January 1991.

McPhie, Laura E.  "Viability of Single-sex Education" in _Initiatives_,
Falll 1990, 53(3), 23.
    Describes parallel histories of Amherst & Smith colleges.

Marsh, Herbert W.  "Effects of Attending Single-sex and Coeducational
High Schools: Achievement, Attitude, Behaviors and Sex Differences,"
in _Journal of Educational Psychology_, Mar 1, 1989, 81(1), p70.
    Concludes that coeducation and single-sex are same

Marsh, Herbert W.  "Public, Catholic Single-sex and Catholic
Coeducational High Schools: Their Effects on Achievement, Affect and
Behaviors," in _American Journal of Education_, 99(3), May 1, 1991, p320.
    Contradicts Bryk & Lee; single sex = coeducation.

Martin, Elaine. "Power and Authority in the Classroom: Sexist
Stereotypes in Teaching Evaluations", _Journal of Women in Culture
and Society_, 9 (1984), 482-492.

Ndunda, Mutindi Mumbua Kiluva.  "'Because I am a Woman': Young Women's
Resistance to Science Careers in Kenya," in Thesis, Queen's
University, Canada, Jul 1990.  ERIC Reproduction Document Service No:
ED326433.
    Boys & girls science experience differs in gender related ways

Ott, Mary. "Female Engineering Students-- Attitudes, Characteristics,
Expectations, Responses to Engineering Education", Final report for
NSF grant #SMI-75-18013A01, ERIC Document #ED 160400.

Pallotta-Chiarolli, Maria.  "The Female Stranger in a Male School,"
_Gender and Education_ 1990 2(2), pp 169-183.
    Girls have higher level of gender awareness

Riordan, C.  "Public and Catholic Schooling: The Effects of Gender
Context Policy," in _American Journal of Education_, v5, 1985.
    Weeds out "the catholic school effect" in data.

Rubenfeld, Mona I.  "Relationship Between College Women's Occupational
Interests and a Single-sex Environment," in _The Career Development
Quarterly_, 40(1), Sept. 1, 1991, p64.

Sandler, Bernice R., with the assistance of Roberta M. Hall, "The
Campus Climate Revisited: Chilly for Women Faculty, Administrators,
and Graduate Students", Copyright 1986 by the Project on the Status
and Education of Women, Association of American Colleges,
Washington, DC, 1986.

Sandler, Bernice R., "The Classroom Climate: Chilly for Women?",
Deneef, et al, editors,  The Academic Handbook, Durham: Duke
University Press, 1988, pages 146-152.

Sexton, Patricia.  _Women in Education_.  1976.
    History of discrimination against women throughout all aspects of
    academia.

Schneider, Frank W., Larry M. Coutts, and Meyer W. Starr.  "In Favour
of Coeducation: The Educational Attitudes of Students from
Coeducational and Single-sex High Schools," in _Canadian Journal of
Education_, Fall 88, 13(4), p479.
    Questionaire based research

Sidner, Candace L. "On Being a Woman Student at MIT or How to
Miss the Stumbling Blocks in Graduate Education", Unpublished
report, 1980.

Speck, Phoebe.  "Jack Captured the Crown and Jill Came Tumbling After:
The Gender Factor in Curriculum Policy..." in Paper Presented at the
Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.  Apr
1991.  ERIC Reproduction Document Service No: ED331189
    Role of gender in curriculum development

Stables, Andrew.  "Differences Between Pupils From Mixed and
Single-sex Schools in Their Enjoyment of School Subjects and in Their
Attitudes to Science and to School," in _Educational Review_, 1990
42(3), pp 221-230.
    Polarization of attitudes in mixed English schools.

Statham, Anne, Laurel Richardson, and Judith A. Cook. _Gender and
University Teaching_.  A volume in the SUNY Series in Gender and
Society, Cornelia Butler Flora, ed.  State University of New York
Press. 1991.  ISBN: 0-7914-0704-7.
    Examines university teaching from several perspectives: what
    female and male professors do in the classroom, their perceptions
    and feelings about teaching, and how students respond.

Stoecker, Judith L. and Ernest T. Pascarella.  "Women's Colleges and
Women's Career Attainments Revisited" in _Journal of Higher
Education_, Jul-Aug 1991, 62(4), pp 394-406.
    Explores influence of women's college on career attainment

Stowe, Laurence G.  "Should Physics Classes be Single-sex?" in
_Physics Teacher_, Sept. 1, 1991, 29(6), p 380.

Tidball, M.D. and V. Kistiakowsky.  "Baccalaureate Origins of American
Scientists..." in _Science_ 1976, V 193, pp646-652.

Tidball, M.D.  "Women's Colleges and Women Achievers Revisited" in
_Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society_, 1980, V 5, pp 504-515.
    This is one of the studies that claims the infamous "X% of all
    successful women came from women's colleges"

Vedantham, Anu, "A Hostile Educational Environment", MIT, 6.001,
Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, in Spring, 1990,

Wood, Sherree F.  "Educational Access for Women in the United States,"
in _Community College Quarterly of Research and Practice_, Apr-Jun
1991, 15(2), pp225-233.
   Compares Bryn Mahr/Wellesley to Oberlin/U of Mich.



5.  Feminist Theory and Overviews.
----------------------------------

Bowles, Gloria and Renate Duelli, eds.  _Theories of Women's Studies_.
Routledge & Kegan Paul, London and Boston.  1983.
    Standard, well known text on feminist research methodology.
    Begins the debate.

Bowles, Gloria and Renate Duelli-Klein, eds.  _Theories of Women's
Studies II._  Women's Studies, University of California, Berkeley.  1981.

Castro, Ginette. _American Feminism: A Contemporary History_.  New
York University Press. 1990.  ISBN: 0-8147-1448-X.
    From a french point of view, an overview of feminist history
    and emerging though in the United States.  Originally published in
    French as _Radioscopie du fe'minisme ame'ricain_ in 1984.

de Beauvoir, Simone.  _The Second Sex_.  Translated and edited by H.M.
Parshley.  Vintage Books, New York.  1989.
    Original copyright in 1952.

Echols, Alice. _Daring To Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967-1975_.
University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.  1989.
    Covers radical and cultural feminist development.

French, Marilyn.  _The Women's Room_.  Summit Books, New York, 1977.
Jove Publications, New York, 1978.

French, Marilyn.  _Beyond Power: On Women, Men, and Morals_.  Cape,
London, 1985.  Summit Books, New York, 1985.  Ballantine, New York, 1986.

*French, Marilyn. "Do You Have to be a Lesbian to be a
Feminist?"
    Unions are valid only when both participants are free to make
    them, and that a woman who is economically supported by a man,
    whose children are economically supported by a man, whose house is
    owned by a man, and whose life revolves around a man is bound
    several ways, whether or not she actively chose that life.  The
    freer she can be, the more powerful her choice to stay with her
    partner, male or female.

Friedan, Betty. _The Feminine Mystique_.  Norton, New York, 1963.
20th anniversary edition with new introduction and afterword by
author.  Dell Publishing Co., New York, 1984.
    A strong and angry book that stimulated many women who had hitherto
    accepted their lot into asking whether their lives could be improved.

Friedan, Betty.  _The Second Stage_.  Revised edition, Summit Books,
New York, 1986.
    This book, written 20 years later, advocates partnership between
    women and men in the ongoing development of feminism.

Frye, Marilyn. _The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory_.
Crossing Press, Trumansburg, New York.  1983.

Grimshaw, Jean.  _Feminist Philosophers_ (subtitle: Women's
Perspectives on Philosophical Traditions). Harvester Wheatsheaf,
London, 1986. ISBN 0-7108-0791-0.  Published in the U.S. as
_Philosophy and Feminist Thinking_ by University of Minnesota Press.
    "This book is an exploration into some tensions in feminist
    thinking and their relationship to philosophy."  [from the
    preface] The book introduces feminist thinking to traditional
    philosophy, and summarizes the results.  Extensive bibliography.

Harding, Sandra, and Merrill B. Hintikka, eds. _Discovering Reality:
Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology, and
Philosophy of Science_. D Reidel, Boston and Holland.  Sold and
distributed in the USA and Canada by Kluwer Boston.  1983.

Harding, Sandra. _The Science Question in Feminism_.  Cornell
University Press, Ithaca, New York.  1986.
    Critique of "knowledge," centering on three major epistemological
    approaches, feminist empiricism, feminist standpoint, feminist
    postmodernism.

Harding, Sandra, ed.  _Feminism and Methodology: Social Science
Issues_.  Indiana University Press, Bloomington; Open University
Press, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire.  1987.

Harding, Sandra, and Jean F. O'Barr, eds.  _Sex and Scientific
Inquiry_.  University of Chicago Press, Chicago.  1987.

Harding, Sandra.  _Whose Science?  Whose Knowledge?  Thinking from
Women's Lives_.  Open University Press, Milton Keynes; Cornell
University Press, Ithaca, New York.  1991.

Hooks, Bell. _Feminist Theory From Margin To Center_.  South End
Press, Boston MA.  1984.
    An excellent survey of different feminist philosophies and their
    relationships to one another.

Jaggar, Alison M. _Feminist Politics and Human Nature_.  Rowman &
Allanheld, Totowa, New Jersey.  1983.
    What is human nature?  Is there a "feminine" and a "masculine"?
    Looking at radical, liberal and socialist feminist perspectives in
    addressing this question.

Jaggar, Alison M. and Paula Rothenberg Struhl. _Feminist Frameworks:
Alternative Theoretical Accounts of the Relations between Women and
Men_.  Second edition.  McGraw-Hill, New York.  1984.
    A worthwhile though incomplete reader that sorts out various
    schools of feminist thought.

Jaggar, Alison M. and Susan R. Bordo, eds. _Gender/Body/Knowledge:
Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing_.  Rutgers University
Press, New Jersey.  1989.
    Writings on feminist methodology.

Koedt, Anne, Ellen Levine and Anita Rapone. _Radical Feminism_.
Quadrangle Books, New York.  1973.
    An anthology of radical feminist work.

Komisar, Lucy.  _The New Feminism_.  F. Watts, New York.  1971.

La Follette, Suzanne. _Concerning Women_.  Reprint.  Series: American
Women: Images and Realities.  Arno Press, New York.  1972.
    Originally written in 1926.  Espouses individualist feminism.

*Leoff, Constance. _Bluff Your Way in Feminism_.  ISBN: 8-948456-29-9.
    Provides an overview of (British) feminism; brief, amusing,
    occasionally mildly scurrilous, well researched and covers a lot
    of ground.  May be hard to find.

McElroy, Wendy, ed. _Freedom, Feminism and the State. An Overview of
Individualist Feminism_.  Second edition. Holmes & Meier, New York, 1991.
    Anthology of works by historical feminists as well as contemporary
    feminists expressing the individualist point of view.

MacKinnon, Catharine.  _Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and
Law_.  Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.  1987.

MacKinnon, Catharine. _Toward a Feminist Theory of the State_.
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.  1989.
    The book, really, is an attempt to answer the question. "What
    would a form of government which is actively feminist be like?"
    Here the word 'feminist' is used in the sense of 'radical
    feminism.' The book and the analysis are definitely influenced by
    Marxist theory --- indeed the author calls it 'postmarxist'.  In
    the same way as would a similar analysis of a Marxist state, some
    aspects of the hypothetical feminist state are incompatible with
    liberalism.

Mitchell, Juliet and Ann Oakley, eds.  _The Rights and Wrongs of
Women_.  Penguin, Harmondsworth, New York.  1976.

Mitchell, Juliet and Ann Oakley, eds. _What Is Feminism?  A
Re-Examination_.  Pantheon Books, New York. B. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.  1986.

Morgan, Robin, ed.  _Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings
from the Women's Liberation Movement_.  Random House, New York, 1970.

Morgan Robin, ed.  _Sisterhood is Global: The International Women's
Movement Anthology_.  Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, New York.  1984.

Pateman, Carole and Elizabeth Gross, eds. _Feminist Challenges. Social
and Political Theory_.  Northeastern University Press, PO Box 116,
Boston, Mass. 02117.  1986.  ISBN: 1-55553-004-4.
    New and established scholars demonstrate the application of
    feminism in a range of academic disciplines including history,
    philosophy, politics, and sociology.

Raymond, Janice G.  _A Passion for Friends: Toward a Philosophy of
Female Affection_.  Beacon Press, Boston (also Women's Press, London).
1986.

Sherwin, Susan.  "Philosophical Methodology and Feminist Methodology:
Are They Compatible?" in Code, Lorraine; Mullet, Sheila; Overall,
Christine, (eds.) _Feminist Perspectives, Philosophical Essays on
Method And Morals_, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1988.
    Susan Sherwin discusses why a paper of hers submitted to the
    Canadian Philosophical Association was rejected.  She concludes
    feminist methodology is a valid methodology for philosophy.

Smith, Dorothy E.  _The Everyday World as Problematic: A Feminist
Sociology_.  Northeastern Universty Press, Boston.  1987.
    Explication of standpoint epistemology.

|Taylor, Joan Kennedy.  _Reclaiming the Mainstream: Individualist
|Feminism Rediscovered_.  1992.
|    "... reclaims feminism from the socialists and collectivists and
|    what Taylor calls the 'appeal of victimization'.  'We feminists
|    who believe in the inspiring history and classical liberal
|    mainstream of American feminism should not give up our claim to
|    the name _feminist_,' she writes, 'any more than institutions
|    supporting limited government should give up their claim to the
|    name liberal.' Taylor scrutinizes and reframes feminism from Mary
|    Wollstonecraft to Anita Hill. I was struck by her generosity of
|    spirit in dealing with the issues raised: most particularly her
|    chapter on 'The Temptation of Political Expediency:
|    Antipornography.'  Hers is a thorough and satisfying examination
|    of the attitudes surrounding this explosive issue.  And she
|    covers all the potentially divisive issues: abortion, comparable
|    worth, rape, discrimination real and imagined. "Taylor 'holds it
|    important to support the full flowering of the individual life'
|    and calls for the advocacy of individual rights as a proper
|    political stance for feminists."  [Andrea Millen Rich]

Winders, J. A. _Gender, Theory, and the Canon_. University of
Wisconsin Press, 1991.


6.  Folklore.
-------------

Carter, Angela, ed. _The Virago Book of Fairy Tales_.  Virago Press,
London, 1990.  (American edition may have different title?)
    A collection of "adult" fairy tales, all focusing on heroines,
    from all around the world.  On back. "This stunning collection
    contains lyrical tales, bloody tales, hilariously funny and ripely
    bawdy stories, from countries around the world.  And no drippy
    princesses or soppy fairies. Instead girls, women, crones, wise as
    serpents, gentle as doves and occasionally daft as brushes."

Cole, Babbette. _Princess Smartypants_.  G.P. Putnam's Sons, New
York. 1986.
    Children's book, where the princess rejects the prince.

Munsch, Robert. _The Paper Bag Princess_.  Annick Press Ltd.,
Toronto, Canada. 1980.
    Children's book, where the princess rejects the prince.

Zipes, Jack, ed. _Don't Bet on the Prince_.
    Zipes is a folklorist who has collected feminist fairy tales in
    this book and provided some analysis.  Some are entirely new tales,
    others are new takes on old tales.


7.  Gendered Communication and Language.
----------------------------------------

Barreca, Regina. _They Used to Call Me Snow White, But I Drifted_.
Viking Penguin/Penguin Books, New York. 1991.
    Examines the differences in how women and men use humor.  The
    book itself is a very engaging and humorous read.

Bratenberg, Gerd, _Egalias_dotre_ (in Norwegian Pax forlag/Ascheroug
forlag).  It is also available in English: _Egalia's_Daughters_,
published in the U.S. by The Seal Press, Seattle, Wash., and in the
UK by The Journeyman Press, London.  (Also available in Swedish,
German, Italian, Danish and Dutch.)
    The book turns the language and social stereotypes upside down.
    It is really interesting to see how easily one, as reader, gets
    used to the "unusual" language.  This also illustrates how
    powerful the sexism of the language is.

Cherry, Louise.  _Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance_.
    Teacher-child interaction in pre-schools.

Hofstadter, Douglas. _Metamagical Themas: Questing for Essence of Mind
and Pattern_. Bantam, New York.  1985.
    Contains a chapter ("Changes in Default Words and Images,
    Engendered by Rising Consciousness") with an effective argument
    for gender inclusive speech.

Frank, Francine and Frank Anshen.  _Language and the Sexes_.  State
University of New York Press, Albany. 1983.

Lakoff, Robin.  _Language and Woman's Place_.  Harper & Row,
Publishers, New York.  1975.

Miller, Casey and Kate Swift. _The Handbook of Non-Sexist Writing_.
Second edition.  Harper & Row, New York, 1988.
    A practical how-to book that also contains examples of how "men"
    has *not* included "women" in recent history.

Miller, Casey and Kate Swift.  _Words and Women_.  Anchor Press,
Garden City, New York. 1976.
    States the argument for gender neutral language
    much more forcefully.

Penelope, Julia.  _Speaking Freely: Unlearning the Lies of the
Fathers' Tongues_.  Athena Series, Pergammon Press. 1990.
ISBN: 0-08-036555-8.
    A radical feminist treatise on all sorts of sexist aspects of
    language, including but not limited to the discussion of gender
    inclusive pronouns.

Persing, Bobbye Sorrels.  _The Nonsexist Communicator_.
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.  1983.

Rothschild, Joan.  _Turing's Man, Turing's Woman, or Turing's Person?
Gender, Language, and Computers_.  Wellesley College, Center for
Research on Women, Welleseley, MA.  1986.

Spender, Dale. _Man-Made Language_. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980.

Tannen, Deborah. _You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in
Conversation_.  Morrow, New York.  1990.
    Gender differences in communication, anecdotal.


8.  Gender Differences.
-----------------------

Benbow, Camilla Persson. "Sex differences in mathematical reasoning
ability in intellectually talented preadolescents. Their nature,
effects, and possible causes," _Behavioral and Brain Sciences_,
11(1988).169-232.
    Talks about the reasons in variations on math scores between males
    and females.  Her paper is nice in that it also reviews a lot of
    the literature.

Benderly, Beryl Lieff.  _The Myth Of Two Minds: What Gender Means and
Doesn't Mean_.  Doubleday, New York, 1987.
    Benderly had heard of scads of new research claiming to have
    proven innate biological differences between the brains of men and
    women, and decided to do a comprehensive overview of them.  She
    was surprised to find that *none* of this research proved what it
    purported to.

Deaux, K. and T. Emswiller. "Explanations of Successful Performance
on Sex-Linked Tasks:  What is skill for the male is luck for the female",
_Journal of Personality and Social Psychology_, 29 (1974), 80-85.

Fausto-Sterling, Anne. _Myths of Gender: Biological Theories about
Women and Men_.  Basic Books, New York.  1985.
    Describes the methods used in research purporting to support
    intrinsic differences in women and men.  Includes a clear
    explanation of intra-group variability: even if there are more men
    on the high end of the bell curve in math, the bell curves overlap
    so much that this makes no significant difference in the amount of
    mathematical aptitude of the sexes when compared against each
    other and tells nothing about a given woman and a given man.

Frieze, Irene H. _et al_.  _Women And Sex Roles: A Social Psychological
Perspective_.  Norton, New York.  1978.
    This is a social psychology textbook, and is a handy
    resource available for debunking all kinds of sexist claims about
    men and women.

Gould, Steven Jay. _The Mismeasure of Man_.  Norton, New York.  1981.
    A lucid description of how researcher expectations can influence
    experimental findings (gender issues is peripheral, but the
    analogies are clear).

Halper, Diane F.. _Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities_.  Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdate, NJ. 1986.
    The author presents the hypotheses and research that point to the
    roles of nature and nurture in explaining differences in cognitive
    ability; final chapter has an excellent summary.

Holloway, Marguerite, "Profile:  Vive la Difference",  _Scientific
American_, October 1990, 18-42.

Lewontin, Richard, Stephen Rose and Leon J. Kamin.  _Not In Our Genes:
Biology, Ideology, and Human Nature_.  Panthon Books, New York.  1984.
    The authors are on a mission to dismantle biological determinism
    entirely, right down to its underpinnings in reductionist
    materialist philosophy.  One needn't agree with them to the same
    extent to see the validity of the debunking. Check out the chapter
    on "The Determined Patriarchy."

Montagu, Ashley.  _The Natural Superiority of Women_.  Macmillan
Publishing Company, New York. c1952.  New Revised Edition, 1974.
    [Author is male.]  From foreword: "This book is designed to bring
    the sexes closer together, not to set them apart by placing one
    above the other.  If in these pages the natural superiority of
    women is emphasized, it is because the fact has thus far received
    far too little attention, and the time is long overdue that both
    men and women become aware of it and fully understand its
    superiority."   The author makes a distinction between *natural*
    or biological superiority and social equality of women and men.

Petersen, Anne C. "Biopsychosocial Processes in the Development of
Sex-related Differences", Jacquelynne E. Parsons, ed. _The
Psychobiology of Sex Differences and Sex Roles_.  Hemisphere
Publishing Company, Washington. 1980. 31-56.

Pomerleau, Andree, Daniel Bolduc, Gerard Malcuit, and Louise Cossette.
"Pink or Blue: Environmental Gender Stereotypes in the First Two Years
of Life", _Sex Roles: A Journal of Research_, 22 (1990) 359- 367.

Travis, Carol.  _The Mismeasure of Woman_.  Simon and Schuster. 1992.
    The theme is that women are criticized for being too female, or
    not female enough - but are mismeasured - by how well they fit
    into a male world.  Further that the social system dislikes
    *angry* women, and that men avoid the responsibility for changing
    laws and economic or political policies that hurt women.  Travis
    takes a thoughtful rather than combative approach and is more
    likely to poke fun rather than harshly criticize.

[continued in part II]

--------------

Please mail in comments, additions, corrections, suggestions, and so
on to [e-mail].


--Cindy Tittle Moore

"If an aborigine drafted an IQ test, for example, all of Western
Civilization would probably flunk."
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This posting contains useful feminist references for the newsgroup
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

[1-8 in part I]
 9.  History.
10.  Implications of Beauty.
11.  Lesbian Feminism.
12.  Literary Writings.
13.  Media Depiction of Women.
14.  Military, Law Enforcement.
15.  Patriarchy.
16.  Pornography.
17.  Positive Children's Books.
[18-25 in part III]


[continuing from part I]

9.  History.
------------

Adamson, Nancy, Linda Briskin, and Margaret McPhail.  _Feminist
Organizing For Change: The Contemporary Women's Movement in Canada_.
Oxford University Press (Don Mills, Ontario).  1988.
    Blurb: "Beginning with a detailed history of the `second wave'
    (post-1960), it makes a primary distinction between grass-roots
    and institutionalized feminism, and by emphasizing the former
    reveals a part of feminist organizing that has most often been
    invisible."